A total of 2,931 patients were included in this study. The main outcome was the rate of antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic resistance rates for Doxycycline and Amoxicillin were significantly higher than for other tetracycline antibiotics (P < 0.05). The rate of resistance for ampicillin was higher for the other tetracycline antibiotics (P < 0.05). The rate of resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime was significantly higher for the other tetracycline antibiotics (P < 0.05). The rate of resistance to cefprozil was higher for the other tetracycline antibiotics (P < 0.05). Doxycycline is an effective antibiotic for the treatment of acute otitis media, and for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. However, resistance to amoxicillin is higher for other tetracycline antibiotics. Doxycycline is a useful alternative treatment for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections in patients with a history of urinary tract infection.
Citation:Takarapan, E. (2023). Doxycycline resistance among clinical isolates in the USA. Antimicrobial Resistance Database: National Institutes of Health. PLoS ONE 19(11): e94725. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094725
Editor:Leopold V. Vásquez, University of takarapan, Turkey
Received:December 4, 2023,Accepted:March 11, 2023;Published:March 11, 2023
Copyright:© 2023 Takarapan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability:All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Funding:The authors have no support or funding to report.
Competing interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Otitis media is a heterogeneous disease affecting the middle ear. The pathogenesis of this infection is multifactorial and includes various factors that may cause or contribute to its development (; ). Infection occurs as a result of infection with microorganisms of the middle ear. The pathogenicity of the pathogen is influenced by the type of infection, host immune response, and environment (; ). The mechanism by which the pathogen is responsible for otorrhea is unknown, but it is believed that it is responsible for otorrhea through mechanisms such astoxoplasma-induced destruction of the bacterial cell wall and its release (; ).
In the present study, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the United States (US) was evaluated to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the clinical isolates of otitis media and other pathogens.
We previously identified a group of isolates of the speciesStreptococcus pyogenesas the primary pathogen of the otorrhea and other infections caused by susceptible microorganisms in the US. However, the prevalence of these pathogens in our study was lower than in other countries (; ).
In addition, a previous study identified a group of isolates of the speciesas the primary pathogen of the acute otitis media in US patients (; ). The current study was designed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among this group of isolates and to evaluate the impact of the prevalence of resistance on the antibiotic prescription and treatment outcomes.
Twenty-two (30) patients (aged 12–44 years, 4–17 years old) with acute otitis media, with or without bacterial peritonitis, were included in this study.
tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline, demeclocycline, any other medications, sulfites, or any of the ingredients in doxycycline capsules, extended-release capsules, tablets, extended-release tablets, or suspension. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients.
tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, and nutritional supplements you are taking or plan to take. Be sure to mention any of the following: acitretin (Soriatane); anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven); barbiturates such as butabarbital (Butisol), phenobarbital, and secobarbital (Seconal); bismuth subsalicylate; carbamazepine (Epitol, Tegretol, others); isotretinoin (Absorica, Amnesteem, Clavaris, Myorisan, Zenatane); penicillin; phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek); and proton pump inhibitors such as dexlansoprazole (Dexilant), esomeprazole (Nexium, in Vimovo), lansoprazole (Prevacid, in Prevpac), omeprazole (Prilosec, in Yosprala, Zegerid), pantoprazole (Protonix), and rabeprazole (Aciphex). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
be aware that antacids containing magnesium, aluminum, or calcium, calcium supplements, iron products, and laxatives containing magnesium interfere with doxycycline, making it less effective. Take doxycycline 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking antacids, calcium supplements, and laxatives containing magnesium. Take doxycycline 2 hours before or 4 hours after iron preparations and vitamin products that contain iron.
tell your doctor if you have or have ever had lupus (condition in which the immune system attacks many tissues and organs including the skin, joints, blood, and kidneys), intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri; high pressure in the skull that may cause headaches, blurry or double vision, vision loss, and other symptoms), a yeast infection in your mouth or vagina, surgery on your stomach, asthma, or kidney or liver disease.
you should know that doxycycline may decrease the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills, patches, rings, or injections). Talk to your doctor about using another form of birth control.
tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. If you become pregnant while taking doxycycline, call your doctor immediately. Doxycycline can harm the fetus.
plan to avoid unnecessary or prolonged exposure to sunlight and to wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Doxycycline may make your skin sensitive to sunlight. Tell your doctor right away if you get a sunburn.
you should know that when doxycycline is used during pregnancy or in babies or children up to 8 years of age, it can cause the teeth to become permanently stained. Doxycycline should not be used in children under 8 years of age except for inhalational anthrax, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, or if your doctor decides it is needed.
tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding. If you are breast-feeding, your doctor will tell you if you are breast-feeding hypogonadism or prostate cancer. Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding hypo-parathyroidism or prostate cancer.
If you become pregnant while taking trimaxigan, call your doctor immediately. Trimaxigan can harm the fetus.
you should know that doxycycline may make your skin sensitive to sunlight. You should not apply sunblock directly to your skin, but you should cover up your skin with a closed-mouthed barrier such as a gauze-like gauze.
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Doxycycline hyclate 100 mg capsules are a prescription medication used to treat various types of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and certain sexually transmitted diseases. It belongs to a class of antibiotics known as tetracyclines and works by inhibiting the growth and spread of bacteria in the body. This medication comes in the form of capsules that are typically taken twice a day with food to help prevent stomach upset. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by a doctor, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is completely cleared. Doxycycline hyclate is also available in other forms, such as tablets and oral suspension, for different dosages and treatment durations. This medication may cause side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and sun sensitivity, and may interact with certain medications or supplements. It is important to always consult with a doctor or pharmacist before taking doxycycline hyclate.
Doxycycline Hyclate 100 mg is a tetracycline antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body. Doxycycline is used to treat many different bacterial infections, such as acne, urinary tract infections, intestinal infections, eye infections, gonorrhea, chlamydia, periodontitis (gum disease), and others.
Doxycycline. Doxycycline is an antibiotic that is used in the treatment of a number of types of infections caused by bacteria and protozoa. It is useful for bacterial pneumonia, acne, chlamydia infections, early Lyme disease, cholera and syphilis.
What is doxycycline?Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that is used to treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, skin infections, certain sexually transmitted diseases such as respiratory tract infections, and respiratory tract infections caused by selected bacteria and certain parasites. It is primarily used to treat urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections (such as gonorrhea), and other conditions where a pregnant woman's bladder or uterus may be unable to growoutine medical care is needed.
It is sometimes used off-label for treat bacterial pneumonia, intestinal infections, eye infections, Lyme disease, chlamydia infections, early syphilis, chlamydia infections, Lyme disease outbreaks, and other respiratory infections.
How do I take doxycycline?Doxycycline is usually prescribed once a day with a doctor's prescription to the recommended dose in two or three divided doses. However, you should follow the instructions provided by the doctor's prescribing guideline. If you miss a dose, you should take it as soon as you remember, and the next time to take the next dose.
You should complete the full course of doxycycline as prescribed by your doctor, even if symptoms improve, before taking it as directed.
As a tetracycline antibiotic, doxycycline may interfere with the sexual activity of other tetracyclines, such as doxycycline inellow of baseline sexual activity or taking a new medication every day.
Can I take doxycycline if I have liver disease?Doxycycline can sometimes cause side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, and sun sensitivity, and should not be taken if you are taking it alongside a healthy liver or kidney function. Additionally, you should not take doxycycline if you have severe liver impairment or are taking other medications that may interact with it. Doxycycline should not be taken in meals that contain iron, or in dairy products that are high in sodium and wateryuto.
A recent study suggests that doxycycline is effective againstVibriostrepum, aBordetellad Brigham's disease in dogs and humans. The drug, which has been available in generic form since the early 1990s, has shown promise in veterinary medicine. This research was conducted in a 2-year-old female companion and revealed an 84% chance of completing the full course of treatment. This suggests that this may be an effective treatment option for dogs withd, the organism responsible for bacterial infections such as amoebiasis and giardiasis. However, it is important to note thatV. canisandB.causeinfections in dogs and humans. As such, the use of doxycycline should be avoided in veterinary medicine in dogs and humans, as it may interfere with the effectiveness of the drug and may result in an unsafe level of resistance. Additionally, thedrug should only be given to dogs for treatment, as it is not approved for human use.
The study was funded by Glaxo Wellcome, UK. The views expressed in this article are the author's alone and do not represent all views expressed by GSK UK editorial board.Citation:Foster J, Bhatnagar P, Salma N, Dhaer R, Sorensen M, et al. (2020) Doxycycline in dogs and humans: A retrospective study of antibiotic resistance in the dog and human.
For further information on this study please see.
This is an open-label, controlled, single-centre, randomized trial involving dogs, humans, and cats. The primary study objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of doxycycline in dogs and humans, comparing its use with a treatment option. A total of 9,973 dogs, 2,104 (0.9%) patients were included in the study, resulting in a total of 3,072 dogs, 2,976 (0.6%) patients, and 869 (0.5%) patients, who were treated with doxycycline at a dose of 12.9 mg daily for 5 weeks. The secondary objective was to determine the effect of doxycycline treatment onisolates in dogs and humans. The study population included 9,973 dogs, 2,104 (0.9%) patients, and 869 (0.5%) patients, who were treated with doxycycline at a dose of 12.9 mg daily for 5 weeks. The total number of animals was 3,065 (0.7%). The primary endpoints were infection control byin dogs andin humans. The secondary endpoints were
The authors have no support or commercial interests to disclose. The study design and reporting was described in full in this article.
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